An Introduction to Neurological Oncology

Neurological oncology is a rapidly evolving field, encompassing diagnosis and management of primary and metastatic tumours of the CNS, and complications of systemic cancers or cancer treatment. Neuroimaging advances have allowed accurate screening for intracranial disease at initial cancer diagnosis, precise targeting of intracranial lesions during treatment, and differentiation of treatment effects from disease progression by incorporating functional imaging. Our ability to achieve total resection of gliomas has improved significantly. Other advances include tumour-treating fields; hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT); WBRT with memantine; parotid-sparing WBRT; use of artificial intelligence with stereotactic radiotherapy; and systemically delivered immunotherapies, including vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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